Lowering The Drinking Age Of The Age - 981 Words

However, there are those who remain persistent in their requests to drop the drinking age to a slightly lower option. Opposition to the legal drinking age of twenty-one has shown to have some support from mostly younger groups of people, without much validation as to why a lowered drinking age would be beneficial to our country as a whole. Yet, there are still some interesting arguments for those in favor of dropping the age at which it is legal to drink to eighteen. Consider how many young adults choose to drink illegally on a regular basis. According to the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, by age fifteen roughly half of all teenagers have had their first drink, and that by age eighteen roughly seventy percent of all teenagers have had a drink (â€Å"Underage Drinking† np). The truth is, underage drinking is a common issue in America. Lowering the drinking age is believed by many to be a solution to reducing underage drinking. The idea is that if the drinking age is lowered; those under the age of twenty-one who will then fit in the legal drinking age category, will not find drinking as appealing as it was before it was legalized for their age group. Eventually, drinking alcohol will start to become the norm and will not feel like the â€Å"cool† thing to do anymore. This will result in a lowered number of teenagers drinking, cutting out the large majority who drink as a way to fit in at social gatherings. With an increasing maturity level that can be seen in theShow MoreRelatedLowering the Drinking Age1523 Words   |  7 Pages According to Andrew Herman, â€Å"Each year, 14,000 die from drinking too much. 600,000 are victims of alcohol related physical assault and 17,000 are a result of drunken driving deaths, many being innocent bystanders† (470). These massive numbers bring about an important realization: alcohol is a huge issue in America today. Although the problem is evident in Americans of all ages, the biggest issue is present in young adults and teens. In fact, teens begin to feel the effects of alcohol twice asRead MoreNot Lowering the Drinking Age1642 Words   |  7 PagesBryan Blejski ENG 101-010 Ms. Abbott 28 July 2011 Not Lowering the Drinking Age Many teenage deaths in the United States are caused in some way by the influence of alcohol; however, many people still believe that the legal drinking age should be reduced to eighteen. This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There areRead MoreNot Lowering The Drinking Age989 Words   |  4 PagesNot Lowering the Drinking Age There are many different views on drinking alcohol, especially underage drinking. Everyone has different views on the drinking age. Some think it should be lowered and others believe that it should be raised. Then some believe that it should remain the same at the age of twenty-one years old. Keeping the alcohol consumption age at twenty-one limits the dangers of not only those under twenty-one, but other people in the community. Lowering the drinking age will causeRead MoreLowering the Drinking Age1576 Words   |  7 PagesComposition I April 6, 2014 Why the Drinking Age Should Stay at Twenty-One The United States drinking age throughout all 50 states has been the same since 1984 when a law was put in place by the U.S. Congress punishing all states who did not abide by the legal age limit of 21. Since this law was put into place, it has become one of the most widely studied laws in history. While there are many arguments and new bills being created to reduce this age, especially among college universitiesRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age1336 Words   |  6 PagesStudies show that keeping the drinking age at twenty-one improves lives. When the United States raised the age limit to twenty-one in 1985, a shortage of drinking occurred at a whopping 40% by 1991. As a result, fewer students drop out of high school, less motor accidents occur, and suicides rates dropped significantly. However, lowering the drinking age to eighteen will bring serious consequences on young adults by reversing these statistics. Lowering the drinking age will cause significant healthRead MoreLow ering the Drinking Age1223 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"What we’re doing now to prevent underage drinking isn’t working; it’s time to try something else.† Although many people argue that the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1964, which lowed the drinking age from eighteen to twenty one, was a good idea. David J Hanson a professor in the State University of New York believed that something needs to be done to make the United States a safer place to live. Is it fair that people in the United States can serve in the military, vote in elections, serveRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1380 Words   |  6 PagesOnce a person reaches the age of 18, they are allowed to tattoo their bodies, smoke tobacco, gamble and even enlist if they wanted to! As an adult, they want to be treated as one but how can they feel like an adult if hanging around with their friends and drinking beer while watching TV is illegal? Of course, that does not stop them, though. The United States is one of the few countries in which still have such a high minimum drinking age. Although most people think young adults (18-year olds) areRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1429 Words   |  6 Pagesand Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18† (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol and performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumer spending for alcohol in 2013 was under the age of 21. It is estimated that â€Å"90 percent of underage drinking is consumed via binge drinking†¦with alcohol abuse becoming more prevalentRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age903 Words   |  4 Pageshelp myself get a better understanding about how others feel about lowering the legal drinking age in the United States and to better understand what role alcohol plays in p eople’s lives. The first question I asked for in my survey, was what the participant’s age was. I used this question to see if there was a difference on how different generations felt towards lowering the legal drinking age. I was expecting more people over the age of 25 to take the quiz because I didn’t know if younger adults wouldRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age857 Words   |  4 PagesAs we know, the United States has the highest drinking age in the world. By 1988 the entire U.S had adopted the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act, which set the drinking age to twenty-one. However, in 1920 the United States banned the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcohol. This era known as the Prohibition sparked the popularity of hidden underground bars and events. The Prohibition Era is a prime example of how people did anything to intake alcohol and eventually this led

Mathematics and Astronomy - 791 Words

Mathematics helps human beings understand our complex universe. Astronomy guides scientists to the obvious basics and the deep secrets of the never-ending galaxies that surround planet earth. Mathematics is the base of astronomy, which made the discoveries of outer space possible. The foundation of astronomy was made possible through ancient mathematicians allowing various countries to participate in the learning of the universe. Many inventions and important findings were employed by the pairing of math and astronomy. Today, the two concepts have made many oppurtunities and wonders reality. The foundation of astronomy began with simple predictions and natural resources which occurred from 320 B.C to 620 A.D. The Babylonians used the motion of the moon to get an idea of the days that passed; however, they learned that the motion of the sun was non-uniform. They created a calendar with the best of their knowledge (Linton). The Mesopotamian civilization predicted eclipses and position s of the heavenly bodies by using the sun to measure latitude and longitude. They used tables in order to organize their findings. The Greeks founded geometry and they utilized sine, cosine, and tangent to predict eclipses. The civilizations came up with theories that dealt with the orbit and rotation of planets. Epicycles stated that planets orbit along a circular path whose center is at or near the earth. Eccentrics said that planets rotate around the sun which in turn rotates around the earthShow MoreRelatedMath s Relationship With Astronomy1225 Words   |  5 PagesMath s relationship with astronomy is one of the most unappreciated sciences to this day. Math has not only allowed us to begin to answer some of life s greatest questions that were only discussed in religion and story, but it has enabled us to see further than we have ever seen into the vast universe we exist in through astronomy. Math has often been described by the greatest minds our species as the language of the cosmos. The ability to do complex mathematics has allowed us as a species to learnRead MorePhysics 11373 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscoveries were in the field of astronomy, we cannot label him simply as an astronomer. He authored many important works including, Sidereal Messenger (also known as Starry Messenger), but unfortunately, due to the power of the Catholic church in his native Italy, his work in astronomy was widely rejected by his countrymen. His contributions to physics also place him in the ranks of the greatest scientists of all time. Without Galileo’s contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and physics, we would lackRead MoreHow was the Gupta Empire (India) scientifically advanced? Describes scientific achievements of the time.1594 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicine, mathematics, and astronomy that made the empire scientifically advanced. Many people fail to realize that countless things mistaken for solely modern-day science, for example, plastic surgery, existed ce nturies ago. Here, the technologies of the Gupta Empire (320-467), such as the development of a more accurate value for pi, the perfection of the modern numeral and decimal system; surgery, inoculation, the formulation of medical guides and a better calendar; and lunar astronomy, will beRead MoreA Study On Zu Chongzhi1582 Words   |  7 Pagesis a famous Chinese mathematician and Astronomer lived in 429-501 A.D., Zu had do various of mathematics in his life, he improve Chinese mathematical, and made China become a powerful mathematical countries in 1000 years ago. Zu has many contributions in Chinese mathematical and astronomy such as 7 digits of PI, zhuishu(Method of Interpolation, The definition of zhui is method of ancient Chinese astronomy, shu is book), and the Daming Calender. but Zu is live in a war age that caused many of Zu’sRead MoreCaroline Herschel : A Pioneer Of Her Time1188 Words   |  5 Pagescomets. She would be the first woman astronomer to earn a salary, acquire honors, and be accepted into scientific organizations† (AmazingSpace). She became an instrumental figure in the study of astronomy. Her work and achievements has broken monumental barriers and has expanded our knowledge of astronomy. Some of her work and documentation is still used today, approximately two hundered years later. On March 16, 1750, Caroline Lucretia Herschel was born to Isaac Herschel and Anna Ilse MoritzenRead MoreThe Life of Carl Friedrich Gauss788 Words   |  3 PagesMathematicians have always formed a very important role in history. From the Greeks to the modern era, mathematicians have made spectacular discoveries and critical contributions to the world of mathematics. Because of great mathematicians, the human race is exploring and discovering unknown boundaries of space and technology. The life of Carl Friedrich Gauss was full of phenomenal adventures and discoveries. He was born in Brunswick, Germany on April 30th, 1777 to poor working class parentsRead MoreEssay on Early Life of Nicolaus Copernicus846 Words   |  4 Pagescollege called University of Cracow. where he studied Latin, mathematics, geography, philosophy, and Astronomy, but not the type of astronomy that you would think, it wasn’t really a scientific class in the modern sense. They were mathematics courses that taught Aristotle’s and Ptolemy’s view of the universe so that students, and were also to calculate dates of holy days, and also courses for navigating the stars at sea. In his â€Å"Astronomy â€Å" class, they also taught what today we call Astrology. NicolausRead MoreJohannes Kepler Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolution. This can be seen as contributing to the development of calculus. Not only did he help the development of calculus, but he calculated the most exact astronomical tables known today. This accuracy did much to establish the truth of heliocentric astronomy, which states that the sun, and not the earth, was the center of the planetary system. Kepler was born in the small town of Weil der Stadt in Swabia, and moved to nearby Leon berg with his parents in 1576. His father was a mercenary soldier andRead MoreAfrican American Mathematician, Evelyn Boyd Granville Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesNational Bureau of Standards and people doubted her of how she could afford to go to Smith College. She basically worked hard and earned her first scholarship (Student Aid Society) from Smith College. Her major was Mathematics and also Astronomy at the time. She was very interested in Astronomy and graduated from Smith with distinction. After attending Smith, she earn offers from Michigan and Yale University. She chose Yale University because it offered more support to help her with financial assistanceRead MoreThe medieval Islamic world of science started as a controversial field to be working in. The1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmedieval scholars. However, they did add their own innovations, practices, and theories, and the contributions to the sciences were so significant and spread out, it is unbelievable to look back on them. These many fields include medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and civil engineering. Islamic scientists and doctors made many important contributions to the world of medicine, advancing the degree of medical treatment tremendously. Doctors were trained by and followed the teachings of Hippocrates

The True Confession of Charlotte Doyle Free Essays

The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle June 4, 2012 Ann Lee 8D â€Å"The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle† by Avi is about a thirteen-year-old girl, Charlotte Doyle, traveling from England to America, where her family was living. After the ship had left, she realized that she was the only female passenger on the ship, which was called Seahawk. Charlotte was an upper class and educated girl, unlike many of the sailors on the ship. We will write a custom essay sample on The True Confession of Charlotte Doyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the fact that one of the sailors warned Charlotte about Captain Jaggery’s true side, Charlotte didn’t believe him and became friends with Captain Jaggery, who seemed like a gentleman to her. However, she realized that the captain was using her to get information and he was cruel to the sailors. Charlotte decided to join the rebels. The rebels wanted to kill the captain, who was cruel and mean to them, and Captain Jaggery was trying to prevent the sailors from rebelling against him. Clearly, there was a conflict between the rebels and Captain Jaggery. The climax of the story was when Captain Jaggery died by falling off the ship, and the conflict was also resolved, since the war between the rebels and Captain Jaggery was over. The main theme of this novel is the change of identity. Before her journey, she was just a rich, upper class girl, who was educated. But when she was on the ship with other sailors, she had to be one of them. She wore dirty clothes that she wasn’t allowed to wear at home and didn’t care about her manners and behaviors. Her parents always told her to behave like a lady, but her identity has changed when she was on the ship; she was acting like a different person. Clearly, change of identity took place in this novel. I like how this book was written in the perspective of a teenage girl, who is about my age. I could understand the character better, and read the book from her perspective. How to cite The True Confession of Charlotte Doyle, Essay examples

Psychological contract free essay sample

In recent years, there exist many new types of economy in globalisation, and then it results in varying new types of job in which different job descriptions depending on different industries. More importantly, the role of employees is day by day appreciated as a core component in the development and the success of any organisational productivity and any company respectively. That is the reason why psychological contract needs to be invented in a new economy whilst loss of trade unions. Subsequently, this essay will not only clarify how the psychological contract is defined and how it is evaluated and applied in organisations in reality but also answer the question why a psychological contract is considered as so important in the management of the contemporary employment relationship. By definition, psychological contract has been stated as â€Å"a set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between an individual employee and the organisation† (Schein, 1978:48) and â€Å"†¦ the perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other† (Guest and Conway, 2002:1). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, another perspective has been defined as â€Å"The psychological contract, unlike expectations, entails a belief in what the employer is obliged to provide, based on perceived promises of reciprocal exchange† (Robinson and Rousseau, 1994, p.246). On the other hand, as for the nature of the employment relationship, Wilton (2011) referred this concept to â€Å"what is written or implied in contract of employment or the other explicit manifestations of the employment relationship† or subjected to â€Å"constant change†. Hence, psychological contract is considered as a meaningful concept and initial understanding need to be established at the beginning between employers and employees. Broadly, the psychological contract is shaped by both individual factors (include age, gender, level of education and prior employment experience) and organisational factors (such as sector and competitive strategies) (Guest and Conway, 2004). These cause to impact on individual perceptions of â€Å"sense of fairness, degree of trust and deliver on the implicit deal† (Guest and Conway, 1997) and even determine the state of psychological contract. As a consequence, positive (e.g. job satisfaction, motivation, loyalty, lowered intention to quit, employee engagement or commitment,†¦) or negative (e.g. stress, intention to quit, disappointed,†¦) behavioural and attitudinal outcomes are recognised, which mediated by not only organisational influences of human resource policy and practise, job  alternatives, the behaviours and the actions of managers but also the individual perceptions of employees. Obviously, psychological contract is a reciprocal exchange has been established among employer and employee with implicit expectations, obligations and promises. Therefore, an individual employee could implicitly understand and believe that their hard-working and their contribution will be recognised and rewarded by employers’ perception although almost these things have not belonged to any employment contract before. After all, if not as expected, employees may feel that the psychological contract fails to breaches, and then resulting in dissatisfaction and loss of trust with their employers. In particular, employees having a positive psychological contract with their employers is when they have â€Å"positive employment relations, employee commitment, motivation, job satisfaction† (Preston, 2011) and they perceive other expectations have been done, so it is more likely to stay in the company. For example, employees have a â€Å"voice† in decision-making or problem-solving, a stability of job or job security, or job satisfaction, those of employees expressed by interesting job assignments, days-off or holidays, flexible working hours, good working conditions, challenging job tasks, given chances to gather employees together as well as other benefits of pay and allowances . What is more, they could be built a career or offered to involve in free training courses for extra qualifications and so forth. Likewise, when the demands of employees have been provided, they are treated with all respects, their efforts are rewarded, so actually they perceive what their employers have delivered on the deals and they feel motivated, engaged and committed to their employers. As a result, certainly they will be inspired to work harder and harder to reciprocate their employer’s offers. In brief, Guest (2001) argued that â€Å"employees having a positive psychological contract is the existence of a larger number of fair and effective human resource management practises in the business†. In contrast to a positive psychological contract, the problems come up with a negative psychological contract, leading to leave the business due to negative potential behaviours and attitudes. Accordingly, the implications of â€Å"the instability of the psychological contract and the considerable scope for misinterpretation† (Robinson and Rousseau, 1994) go along with multiple expectations from different parts of organisations will have â€Å"a cumulative impact on the  employment relationship which, ultimately, may result in either employee resignation or dismissal† (Wilton, 2011) as well. Importantly, all of that reach closely to a lowered effort, degraded enthusiasm and motivation, reduced goodwill, more stressful, partly caused by over working hours without any incremental wage, the working condition is worse or unsafe and so on; thus, it brings in lowered productivity and lowered outputs accompany with lowered loyalty to carry on working at all. In addition, the conflicts have been increasing gradually and the management becomes more difficult and harder for employers to get along with occurring disputes because of the fact that employees having a negative psychological contract may feel that they did not receive whatever from their employer throughout mutual adaption, reciprocal promises or even the most basic expectations, all of these seem not to be provided and they are stimulated to â€Å"fight for their right† any way. In short, Zhao et al. (2007) led to the conclusions that violation mediates relations between breach and such attitudes as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions, and that these attitudes are related negatively to such behaviours as in-role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour (Emerald). However, issues of psychological contract management are not easy to handle in progress. Wilton (2011) addressed one of key of conflicts of those concerned with ensuring consistent messages and a clear communication across the organisation for â€Å"all employees receive the message and absorb the sense of organisational purpose† (Mason, 1995, p.22) or how to solve â€Å"multiple agency†-related disputes. Obviously, there are many organisations in which many different agents at a varying levels of management in a company; as a consequence, this will affect on the quality of delivery towards the missions, goals and strategies from the top management to the end-employees through line managers and other supervisor levels. Otherwise, for this reason, Wilton (2011) also suggested that it should set up an organisational culture in the entire company for the purposes of avoiding from misunderstanding or misinterpretation. Besides, managers also deal with the age-related issues regard to psychological contract. Specifically, in any organisation, it has no doubt regards to different levels of age work together with perception, thinking and the actions due to different experiences and generations. By which, based on the developmental theories,  Kupperschmidt (2000) and several authors in subsequent years (Beck, 2001; Smola and Sutton, 2002; Westerman and Yamamura, 2007) demonstrated that â€Å"it is these conditions that tend to distinguish one generation from the next, so that each generational group has a unique pattern of behaviour based on their shared experiences† (Emerald). Furthermore, it is important to note that the expectations are not fully known and understood between parties. Nobody can understand the thinking or expectations of each other in full without explicitly expressing because of the fact that individuals come from the different classes and statuses in society and they are not under a same qualification, environment and level; especially, the psychological contract is an implicit contract, so fully mutual understanding is not easy for both parties. From this perspective, it comes up with another problem given an account of how to manage cross-cultural employment relationship; that is, either employers or employees are from different background profiles, it makes the management and the matters of interpreting or motivating or getting mutual expectations are quite tougher as a consequence. It is said that â€Å"A successful cross-cultural relationship benefits the individuals concerned by developing understanding and tolerance. If the cross-cultural relationship fails, the reserve happens: stereotypes are reinforced, attitudes narrow, misunderstandings proliferate, and instead of gaining from the cultural variety, the organisation is in danger of flying apart as members seek to protect their own interests.† (Mead, 1994). In fact, although the communication between different cultures is likely to be complicated, everything certainly has the solution after all. Apart from those perspectives, employment relationship is more o r less affected by globalisation and technical advances in recent days. This is why psychological contract is affected by competition among companies and a dynamically changing labour market because most of companies demand to maximise efficiency, effectiveness and responsiveness in operations and human resource management policies. Consequently, it heavily impacts on psychological contract between parties, especially job security is decreased by increases in part-time or temporary employees and employees are required highly in skills, knowledge and experience. Also, it emphasises on arising of â€Å"new† psychological contracts (Rousseau and Parks, 1993), namely relational contracts â€Å"characterised by company-specific skills, long-term  career development and extensive training† and transactional contracts â€Å"which focus on short-term financial relationships and involve low emotional commitment by employees† (Emerald). On the other aspect, employees address higher expectations in psychological contracts to their employers including development opportunities in career, higher motivation, higher paid salary, more flexible working hours or more challenging works, etc. Nowadays, there would seem to be complicated and sophisticated in managing human resource that many companies appreciate and develop complex set of human resource management policies and practises owing to its essential role. As mentioned above, managers need to impose relevant and appropriate regulations and policies to motivate employees and maintain a positive psychological contract in the way they can work with their best; commonly, it is strongly associated with employees’ needs. Some specialists demonstrated through three motivation’s theories that managers should reply on such types of people (McGregor), the content of motivation (Maslow) and the process of motivation (Vroom). Firstly, Douglas McGregor’s (1960) introduced Theory X and Y, which are all about perception, in order to reveal what kind of people are and what managers need to do to keep them working. Secondly, Abraham Maslow’s (1943) suggested psychological need-based motivation in which people will behave in ways that satisfy their different levels of need when they are motivated. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy, many companies set out human resource management policies to meet employees’ needs. For instance, psychological (good working conditions, attractive wage or salary, subsidised housing and free or subsidised catering), safety (private health insurance cover, attractive pension provisions, safe working conditions, â€Å"no redundancy† policy), social-relationships ( company sports and social clubs, office parties, barbeques, outings, permission for informal activities and encouraging open communications), esteem (regular positive feedback, prestige job titles, photographs in company news sheet, promotions), self-actualisation (challenging job assignments, discretion over core work activities, promotion opportunities and encouraging creativity) (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1991, p. 61). Undoubtedly, those characteristics bring employees in a positive outcome of psychological contract that employers should note, especially in a dynamic labour market and a competitive economy these days. Finally, Victor Vroom’s (1964) stated that an individual’s  expectations that certain behaviours would lead to a particular outcome in terms of â€Å"subjective probability†. This theory suggests that an individual’s effort â€Å"inputs† affected by given reward and a good manager are advised to have a clear understanding the relationship between effort, performance and reward so as to apply in practises because this matter also regards to trade-off of work-life balance. As can be seen clearly, employees wish to work overtime because of incremental wage to support for their family; they could work harder but lack of time to take care of their family. So far, understanding psychological contract is viewed as a vital part in management, employers could â€Å"eliminate false assumptions about job duties, extra-role behaviours, and relational expectations† (Emerald) and then gain some usefulness like â€Å"increases in job performance, lower staff turnover and higher job satisfaction for both employee and supervisor† (Emerald). Apart from this view, most of companies have seen the major role of psychological contract management and have applied successfully in human resource management policies to maximise efficiency. Recently, temporary employees and flexible time are popular strategies used in many large companies due to its potential advantages in general and in psychological contract in particular. A research has been taken by IDS in 2012 also confirmed that â€Å"Flexible working continues to gain in popularity as employees place more value on their work-life balance. Many larger companies now offer a wide range of alternative working patterns and extend the right to request flexible working to all employees. They recognise that in doing so they can strengthen their employer brand, improve staff retention and increase employee engagement.† (www.ids.thomsonreuters.com). In some large companies, there is a connection of human resource management in the way which people are managed as â€Å"enhancing the skills, knowledge, learning and innovative capacity of people at every level, the organisation as well as the individual can prosper† (Harrison, 1997, p.7) with gaining competitive advantage, which is considered so important in recent global economy. So, it directly results in psychological contract as well with the actions and strategies related to how people perceive the relationship between performance, motivation and reward in the way of such actions like â€Å"†¦the communication of business directions, problems and plans; rewarding employees for customer service/quality; the identification of high-potential  employees early; the reward of employees for innovation/creativity and the reward of employees for business/productivity gains†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poole and Jenkins, 1996). In conclusion, as can be seen clearly, psychological contract plays a major role in employment relationship and it is also a strong association between employees and organisations. It is said that a company’s success is partly based on psychological contract-related mutual understanding of both parties. Nowadays, in a changing and dynamic environment, any company also wants to seek to maximise effectiveness and efficiency and then they know they need to make strategic decisions which are all about the progresses of recruitment, selection, what kind of contract suitable to sign for every type of employees or how job tasks are designed and assigned to employees, etc. Importantly, to manage people at work successfully, it requires effective, creative and responsive human resource policies so that all of these characteristics contribute to the development of company. Additionally, in my opinion, managers should deploy such policies like empowering much more for employees in order that employees feel engaged to more responsibility due to autonomy and they feel raised creditability. Besides, managers not only can give feedback to employees owing to care-taking expression through work-based recognition of themselves but also â€Å"upgrade† a level of trust by the way in which employees have a right to join in decision-making or problem-solving. Finally, I want to mention the role of governmental policies regards to pay and other basic benefits that employees must be received from their employers whether these things belong to psychological contract or any other contracts or not since people are core component in the success of a company in particular and in the prosperity of a country in general.